Unruptured intracranial small aneurysms (uSIA) are increasingly detected, yet data on early quality of life (QoL) outcomes after prophylactic treatment remain limited. This single-centre pilot study aimed to characterise a highly comorbid cohort undergoing treatment for uSIA and to assess short-term QoL changes.

Falls in epilepsy are often framed around seizure-related events, yet fear of falling (FOF) during everyday activities can independently limit participation and reduce quality of life. The aim of the study was to quantify FOF frequency in adults with epilepsy and examine its associations with functional mobility, balance, mood, cognition, and antiseizure medication (ASM) exposure, compared with epilepsy peers without FOF and healthy controls.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated with abnormal activation of both cellular and humoral immune responses. B lymphocytes play a key role by crossing the damaged blood–brain barrier and releasing antibodies that contribute to inflammation within the central nervous system.

This review article addresses the topic of central nervous system infections, specifically meningitis and encephalitis of infectious aetiology. It discusses the epidemiology (including the prevalence of individual pathogens and their geographic distribution) as well as currently recommended diagnostic methods, such as cultures of cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical materials, latex agglutination tests, polymerase chain reaction, serology, histopathology, antigen testing, fluorescence hybridisation, spectrometry, next-generation sequencing, imaging studies including computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance, and both conventional and electron microscopy.

The diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis are constantly evolving. A single, specific and sensitive marker of the disease is still lacking; therefore, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis remains a diagnosis of exclusion. At the same time, it is crucial to start therapy with drugs that inhibit disease progression as early as possible. The successive criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, known as the McDonald criteria, have aimed to incorporate the need for rapid disease diagnosis without compromising high sensitivity and specificity.

B lymphocytes are specialised leukocytes essential to the adaptive immune response, characterised by specificity and memory, in contrast to innate immunity. They mediate humoral immunity by targeting extracellular pathogens, while T lymphocytes are pivotal in intracellular antigen destruction and immune regulation. The differentiation of B cells begins with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), pluripotent cells in the bone marrow that generate all blood cell lineages. HSCs differentiate into myeloid and lymphoid lineages, giving rise to B and T lymphocytes.

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies represent a particularly important class of drugs in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This results from the discovery of the instrumental function of B cells in the initiation of multiple sclerosis autoimmunity, as well as their role in the protraction of the disease process. Ofatumumab is the first fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Phase 2 and 3 trials demonstrated high efficacy of ofatumumab in a population of patients with the relapsingremitting and relapsing form of multiple sclerosis. Ofatumumab very efficiently decreased number of relapses.

Although recent findings reveal potential contributing factors to Parkinson’s disease, ongoing research remains essential to further understand and substantiate these connections, identifying lifestyle patterns and biopsychological factors that may contribute to either the onset or prevention of Parkinson’s disease. This study analyses the interactions among genetics, neuroplasticity, interoception, mindfulness, lifestyle, environment, and Parkinson’s disease.

The study aims to assess the validity of the Timed Up and Go test in patients with type IV spinal muscular atrophy and to examine its correlation with the 6-Minute Walk Test and the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded (HFMSE) over an eight-month period. Fourteen adult, ambulant patients with spinal muscular atrophy type IV were included in the study. All patients were treated with intrathecal injections of nusinersen and were on a maintenance dosing schedule – once every four months. Assessments were performed twice, eight months apart, however, this was to short observation period to conduct an evaluative analysis of the effectiveness of disease-modifying therapy in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy as chronic neuromuscular disease.

Early diagnosis of ischaemic stroke and prompt implementation of causal treatment can improve patient outcomes. Recently, special attention has been paid to biomarkers associated with neuronal damage. One of them is neuronspecific enolase (NSE). Studies conducted to date indicate an increase in NSE concentration in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The aim of this study was to assess serum NSE concentrations in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, and to determine the possible relationship between NSE levels and clinical features of the disease.

Neurosarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by the presence of non-caseating granulomas within the nervous system. Its prevalence in patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis is estimated to be approximately 10%. The clinical presentation is ambiguous, with symptoms that may manifest acutely or progress gradually over time. Many of these symptoms mimic those of other diseases, making neurosarcoidosis a diagnostic challenge. 

Public knowledge of the disease is an important factor in both prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of stroke and cardiovascular risk factors in Polish society. The study used the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method with an anonymous survey created using Google Forms.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) remains one of the most enigmatic neurological diseases. The results of latest studies indicate a strong association between acute hypertensive peaks and TGA. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the most frequently observed clinical feature accompanying TGA. Animal studies indicate that BP peaks may lead to oxidative stress affecting mainly the CA1 sector of the hippocampus (a crucial structure for memory processing). Single-centre, retrospective, cross-sectional medical records analysis of 65 patients with TGA and 64 patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) (control group). Analysis included systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) values at admission, as well as mean and maximal circadian values of these parameters from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Circadian BP variations were also assessed.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating disease with a still unknown pathogenesis. It remains a condition with diverse clinical manifestations. Once inevitably leading to disability, due to disease-modifying therapies, it is now possible to halt its progression. A large number of registered molecules enables the selection of the most appropriate treatment, depending on the individual disease pattern. The aim of this analysis was to assess patients with multiple sclerosis treated as part of the drug programme at the centre, focusing on various aspects of the disease and treatment. 

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterised by progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease is increasing and becoming a major health problem nowadays due to the aging of society. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature exploring the association between Parkinson’s disease and specific dietary components such as vitamin B₁₂, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin E, and probiotics.

Multiple sclerosis, also known as sclerosis multiplex, is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that occurs in over 2.9 millions individuals worldwide, most commonly in young to middle-aged adults, with a greater prevalence in females than males and in higher latitudes. There are different types of multiple sclerosis, varying in the presence and frequency of relapses and remissions. Various risk factors for the disorder have been identified as well – both modifiable and unmodifiable. 

Many studies have investigated the interplay between Parkinson’s disease and diabetes mellitus, suggesting that glucose metabolism impairment may worsen the clinical course of Parkinson’s disease. This study aimed to explore the association between diabetes mellitus and the course of Parkinson’s disease. A retrospective study was performed by analysing the clinical data of patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease who were hospitalised in University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Silesia from 2019 to 2021. The study group comprised 241 patients selected according to the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their clinical conditions were assessed using body mass index, the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Hoehn–Yahr scale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were collected on current anti-parkinsonian treatment, fasting glycaemia, lipid panel, and thyroid stimulating hormone, homocysteine and vitamin D₃ levels.