The authors present a review of literature connected with treatment of hydrocephalus in children with a use of neuroendoscopic techniques. The history of neuroendoscopic procedures is divided into three, crucial for therapeutic reasons, periods: 1) pioneering stage, connected with the introduction of neuroendoscopic procedures in neurosurgery, which was characterized by a very high level of mortality and morbidity; 2) modern stage, when the whole technique of neuroendoscopic operative procedures were designed, after Hopkins discoveries; 3) contemporary stage, characterized by a refinement of neuroendoscopic equipment, virtual techniques, and decrease of morbidity and mortality level connected with neuroendoscopic procedures. Additionally, it could be found the description of basic neuroendoscopic equipment. The current qualification criteria for neuroendoscopic procedures are explained. Main neuroendoscopic procedures, which are used in operative treatment of hydrocephalus, are described in the paper. Regarding currently available neuroendoscopic equipment, neurosurgeons still have dissatisfying possibilities of haemostasis. That problem seriously limits a possibility of treatment hydrocephalus in a course of brain tumour with a use of neuroendoscopic treatment. Basing on literature and own experiences, the authors present clinical results and side effects of the operative treatment. The article is finished by future prospects for further development of neuroendoscopic procedures.