Epilepsy is a quite common neurological disorders syndrome. According to the World Health Organization, epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. Apart from seizures, epileptic patients often develop cognitive and emotional impairments, which might be accompanied by suicidal thoughts. The disease greatly decreases the quality of life of patients and also impairs their activities of daily living. Approximately 40% of epileptic patients develop a drug-resistant form of the disease and a considerable number of patients cannot undergo resective surgery or in some cases surgery fails to reduce seizures. Stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus was accepted in Europe in 2010 as an adjunctive treatment method for partial-onset seizures in adults with medically refractory epilepsy. However, its safety and efficacy is still under investigation. It uses electrodes to stimulate structures located deeply in the brain and is less invasive than surgery. A number of research studies have shown the efficacy of deep brain stimulation in reducing the frequency of epileptic seizures by stimulating selected areas of the brain. However, due to the fact that many of these structures are part of the limbic system, in many studies attention is increasingly paid to the effect of stimulation on the cognitive and emotional functions of patients. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of research studies on the effect of deep brain stimulation on neuropsychiatric functions of patients with epilepsy, to emphasize both therapeutic and side effects of stimulation and also to highlight the importance of neuropsychological examination in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with epilepsy receiving this treatment.